IP Address
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last Modified on 2021-01-28
The I nternet P rotocol Address ( or IP Address ) is a alone address that computing devices such as personal computers, tablets, and smartphones use to identify themselves and communicate with other devices in the IP network. Any device connected to the IP network must have a singular IP address within the net. An IP address is analogous to a street address or telephone number in that it is used to uniquely identify an entity.
Reading: What is an IP Address?
Contents
Dotted Decimals
The traditional IP Address ( known as IPv4 ) uses a 32-bit number to represent an IP address, and it defines both network and host address. A 32-bit total is capable of providing roughly 4 billion singular numbers, and hence IPv4 addresses running out as more devices are connected to the IP network. A raw version of the IP protocol ( IPv6 ) has been invented to offer virtually illimitable number of unique addresses. An IP savoir-faire is written in “ dot decimal fraction ” note, which is 4 sets of numbers separated by period each set representing an 8-bit count ranging from ( 0-255 ). An exercise of an IPv4 address is 216.3.128.12, which is the IP address previously assigned to iplocation.net .
An IPv4 savoir-faire is divided into two parts : network and host address. The network address determines how many of the 32 bits are used for the network address and the remaining bits are used for the host address. The server address can far be divided into subnetwork and host phone number .
Class A, B, C and CIDR networks
traditionally IP network is classified as A, B or C network. The computers identify the class by first 3 bits ( A=000, B=100, C=110 ), while humans identify the class by beginning eight ( 8-bit ) issue. With scarcity of IP addresses, the class-based system has been replaced by C lassless I nter- D omain R outing ( CIDR ) to more efficiently allocate IP addresses .
| Class | Network Address | Number of Hosts | Netmask |
|---|---|---|---|
| CIDR | /4 | 240,435,456 | 240.0.0.0 |
| CIDR | /5 | 134,217,728 | 248.0.0.0 |
| CIDR | /6 | 67,108,864 | 252.0.0.0 |
| CIDR | /7 | 33,554,432 | 254.0.0.0 |
| A | /8 (1-126) | 16,777,216 | 255.0.0.0 |
| CIDR | /9 | 8,388,608 | 255.128.0.0 |
| CIDR | /10 | 4,194,304 | 255.192.0.0 |
| CIDR | /11 | 2,097,152 | 255.224.0.0 |
| CIDR | /12 | 1,048,576 | 255.240.0.0 |
| CIDR | /13 | 524,288 | 255.248.0.0 |
| CIDR | /14 | 262,144 | 255.252.0.0 |
| CIDR | /15 | 131,072 | 255.254.0.0 |
| B | /16 (128-191) | 65,534 | 255.255.0.0 |
| CIDR | /17 | 32,768 | 255.255.128.0 |
| CIDR | /18 | 16,384 | 255.255.192.0 |
| CIDR | /19 | 8,192 | 255.255.224.0 |
| CIDR | /20 | 4,096 | 255.255.240.0 |
| CIDR | /21 | 2,048 | 255.255.248.0 |
| CIDR | /22 | 1,024 | 255.255.252.0 |
| CIDR | /23 | 512 | 255.255.254.0 |
| C | /24 (192-223) | 256 | 255.255.255.0 |
| CIDR | /25 | 128 | 255.255.255.128 |
| CIDR | /26 | 64 | 255.255.255.192 |
| CIDR | /27 | 32 | 255.255.255.224 |
| CIDR | /28 | 16 | 255.255.255.240 |
| CIDR | /29 | 8 | 255.255.255.248 |
| CIDR | /30 | 4 | 255.255.255.252 |
Note: (1) 127 Network Address reserved for loopback test. (2) Class D (224-247, Multicast) and Class E (248-255, Experimental) are not intended to be used in public operation.
Public and Private IP Addresses
note : ( 1 ) 127 Network Address reserved for loopback test. ( 2 ) class D ( 224-247, Multicast ) and Class E ( 248-255, Experimental ) are not intended to be used in public operation.
In ordain to maintain singularity within ball-shaped namespace, the IP addresses are publicly registered with the N etwork I nformation C enter ( NIC ) to avoid address conflicts.The devices that need to be publicly identified, such as web or mail servers, must have a globally singular IP cover ; and they are assigned a public IP address. The devices that do not require public access may be assigned a private IP address and make it uniquely identifiable within one administration. For exercise, a network printer may be assigned a private IP address to prevent the rest of the world from printing from it. To allow organizations to freely assign secret IP addresses, the NIC has reserved certain address blocks for private manipulation. A private network is a network that uses RFC 1918 IP address distance. The succeed information science blocks are reserved for individual IP addresses .
| Class | Starting IP Address | Ending IP Address |
|---|---|---|
| A | 10.0.0.0 | 10.255.255.255 |
| B | 172.16.0.0 | 172.31.255.255 |
| C | 192.168.0.0 | 192.168.255.255 |
In addition to the above classful private addresses, 169.254.0.0 through 169.254.255.255 addresses are reserved for Zeroconf ( or APIPA, Automatic Private IP Addressing ) to mechanically create the available IP network without shape .
What is loopback IP address?
The loopback IP address is the address used to access itself. The IPv4 designated 127.0.0.1 as the loopback address with the 255.0.0.0 subnet dissemble. A loopback interface is besides known as a virtual IP, which does not associate with hardware interface. On Linux systems, the loopback interface is normally called lo or lo0. The comparable hostname for this interface is called localhost.
The loopback address is used to test network software without physically installing an N etwork I nterface C ard ( NIC ), and without having to physically connect the machine to a TCP/IP net. A good exemplar of this is to access the network waiter running on itself by using hypertext transfer protocol : //127.0.0.1 or hypertext transfer protocol : //localhost .
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IP Location
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