Install browser drivers

Setting up your browser to be automated. Through WebDriver, Selenium supports all major browsers on the market such as Chrom ( ium ), Firefox, Internet Explorer, Edge, Opera, and Safari. Where potential, WebDriver drives the browser using the browser ’ s built-in accompaniment for automation. Since all the driver implementations except for Internet Explorer are provided by the browser vendors themselves, they are not included in the standard Selenium distribution. This section explains the basic requirements for getting you started with the different browsers. Read about more advanced options in our Capabilities software documentation.

Quick Reference

Three Ways to Use Drivers

1. Driver Management Software

Most machines mechanically update the browser, but the driver does not. To make sure you get the correct driver for your browser, there are many third party libraries to assist you .

 // Use WebDriver Manager : hypertext transfer protocol : //github.com/bonigarcia/webdrivermanager
 // Import WebDriver Manager : significance  io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager ;

 // Call frame-up ( ) method for the browser driver you want : WebDriverManager. chromedriver ( ). setup ( ) ;

 // Initialize your driver as you normally would : ChromeDriver  driver  =  modern  ChromeDriver ( ) ;

 # Use Webdriver Manager for Python : hypertext transfer protocol : //github.com/SergeyPirogov/webdriver_manager

 # Import code :
 from  selenium  import  webdriver
 from  webdriver_manager.chrome  import  ChromeDriverManager
 from  selenium.webdriver.chrome.service  import  Service

 # Use the `install ( ) ` method acting to set `executabe_path` in a raw `Service` case :
 service  =  Service ( executable_path = ChromeDriverManager ( ). install ( ) )

 # Pass in the `Service` exemplify with the `service` keyword :
 driver  =  webdriver. chrome ( service = military service )

 // Use WebDriver Manager box : hypertext transfer protocol : //github.com/rosolko/WebDriverManager.Net
 // Import the dependencies : using  WebDriverManager ;
 using  WebDriverManager.DriverConfigs.Impl ;

 // Use the `SetUpDriver ( ) ` which requires a config class : modern  DriverManager ( ). SetUpDriver ( new  ChromeConfig ( ) ) ;

 // Initialize your driver as you normally would : volt-ampere  driver  =  new  ChromeDriver ( )

 # Use webdrivers gem : hypertext transfer protocol : //github.com/titusfortner/webdrivers

 # Add jewel to Gemfile :
 jewel  'webdrivers ',  '~ > 5.0 '

 # Require webdrivers in your stick out :
 ask  'webdrivers '

 # Initialize driver as you normally would :
 driver  =  selenium : : WebDriver. for  : chrome

 // There is not a recommended driver director for JavaScript at this clock

 // Use WebDriverManager : hypertext transfer protocol : //github.com/bonigarcia/webdrivermanager
 // Import the library import  io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager

 // Call the setup method before initializing the driver as you normally would : fun  chrome ( ) :  WebDriver  {
     WebDriverManager. chromedriver ( ). frame-up ( )
     return  ChromeDriver ( )
 }

2. The PATH Environment Variable

This choice first gear requires manually downloading the driver ( See Quick Reference Section for links ). This is a elastic option to change localization of drivers without having to update your code, and will work on multiple machines without requiring that each machine put the drivers in the same place. You can either place the drivers in a directory that is already listed in PATH, or you can place them in a directory and add it to PATH .

• To see what directories are already on PATH, open a Command Prompt / Terminal and type:

echo $PATH 

echo %PATH%

• If the directory you want to place the drivers is not already on PATH, you need to add it:

export PATH=$PATH:/opt/WebDriver/bin >> ~/.profile

setx PATH "%PATH%;C:\WebDriver\bin"

• You can test if it has been added correctly by starting the driver:

 chromedriver

• If your PATH is configured correctly,
  you will see some output relating to the startup of the driver:

Starting ChromeDriver 95.0.4638.54 (d31a821ec901f68d0d34ccdbaea45b4c86ce543e-refs/branch-heads/4638@{#871}) on port 9515
Only local connections are allowed.
Please see https://chromedriver.chromium.org/security-considerations for suggestions on keeping ChromeDriver safe.
ChromeDriver was started successfully.

You can regain control of your command prompt by pressing Ctrl+C

3. Hard Coded Location

exchangeable to Option 2 above, you need to manually download the driver ( See Quick Reference Section for links ). Specifying the placement in the code itself has the advantage of not needing to figure out Environment Variables on your arrangement, but has the drawback of making the code much less flexible .

 system. setProperty ( `` webdriver.chrome.driver '', `` /opt/WebDriver/bin/chromedriver '' ) ;
 ChromeDriver  driver  =  new  ChromeDriver ( ) ;

 service  =  Service ( executable_path = `` /opt/WebDriver/bin/chromedriver '' )
 driver  =  webdriver. chrome ( service = service )

 volt-ampere  driver  =  new  ChromeDriver ( @ '' C : \WebDriver\bin '' ) ;

 service  =  selenium : : WebDriver : : Service. chrome ( path :  '/opt/WebDriver/bin/chromedriver ' )
 driver  =  selenium : : WebDriver. for  : chrome,  service :  service

 const  { builder }  =  ask ( 'selenium-webdriver ' ) ;

 const  serve  =  fresh  chrome. ServiceBuilder ( '/opt/WebDriver/bin/chromedriver ' ). build ( ) ;
 const  driver  =  new  builder ( ). forBrowser ( 'chrome ' ). setChromeService ( service ). build ( ) ;

 // Please raise a PR to add code sample

Starting Browsers

Chromium/Chrome

By default, Selenium 4 is compatible with Chrome v75 and greater. note that the interpretation of Chrome and the translation of chromedriver must match the major translation. See the Quick Reference section for the applicable download connection. Examples for how to start Chrome are provided in the previous section detailing the Three Ways to Use Drivers .

Edge

Microsoft Edge is implemented with Chromium, with the earliest subscribe version of v79. similar to Chrome, the translation of Edge and the adaptation of edgedriver must match the major version. See the Quick Reference section for the applicable download connection .

 meaning  org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver ;
 spell  org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver ;

 WebDriver  driver  =  raw  EdgeDriver ( ) ;

 from  selenium.webdriver  meaning  edge

 driver  =  edge ( )

 using  OpenQA.Selenium ;
 using  OpenQA.Selenium.Edge ;

 IWebDriver  driver  =  raw  EdgeDriver ( ) ;

 necessitate  `` selenium-webdriver ''

 driver  =  selenium : : WebDriver. for  : edge

 const  { builder }  =  want ( 'selenium-webdriver ' ) ;

 volt-ampere  driver  =  new  builder ( ). forBrowser ( 'edge ' 
Read more: GitHub - ip2location/ip2location-ruby: This is IP2Location Ruby library that enables the user to find the country, region, city, coordinates, zip code, time zone, ISP, domain name, connection type, ar 
 ). build up ( ) ;

 import  org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver
 significance  org.openqa.selenium.Edge.EdgeDriver

 val  driver :  WebDriver  =  EdgeDriver ( )

Firefox

selenium 4 requires Firefox 78 or greater. It is recommended to always use the latest version of geckodriver. See the Quick Reference section for the applicable download link .

 import  org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver ;
 consequence  org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver ;

 WebDriver  driver  =  new  FirefoxDriver ( ) ;
  

 from  selenium.webdriver  import  Firefox

 driver  =  Firefox ( )
  

 using  OpenQA.Selenium ;
 using  OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox ;

 IWebDriver  driver  =  newly  FirefoxDriver ( ) ;
  

 ask  `` selenium-webdriver ''

 driver  =  selenium : : WebDriver. for  : firefox
  

 const  { builder }  =  ask ( 'selenium-webdriver ' ) ;

 volt-ampere  driver  =  fresh  builder ( ). forBrowser ( 'firefox ' ). build ( ) ;
 

 import  org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver
 consequence  org.openqa.selenium.Firefox.FirefoxDriver

 val  driver :  WebDriver  =  FirefoxDriver ( )
  

Internet Explorer

The Selenium project aims to support the same releases that Microsoft considers current. Older releases may work, but will not be supported. note that Internet Explorer 11 will end patronize for sealed operating systems, including Windows 10 on June 15, 2022. Edge has an IE Compatibility mood that will continue to be supported. The IE Driver is the entirely driver maintained by the Selenium Project directly. While binaries for both the 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Internet Explorer are available, there are some limitations with the 64-bit driver. As such it is recommended to use the 32-bit driver. It should be noted that as Internet Explorer preferences are saved against the logged in drug user ’ sulfur bill, some extra setup is required. extra information about using Internet Explorer can be found on the Selenium wiki, and you can see the Quick Reference section for the applicable download link .

 consequence  org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver ;
 consequence  org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver ;

 WebDriver  driver  =  modern  InternetExplorerDriver ( ) ;
  

 from  selenium.webdriver  import  i

 driver  =  i ( )
  

 using  OpenQA.Selenium ;
 using  OpenQA.Selenium.IE ;

 IWebDriver  driver  =  new  InternetExplorerDriver ( ) ;
  

 command  `` selenium-webdriver ''

 driver  =  selenium : : WebDriver. for  : i
  

 const  { builder }  =  command ( 'selenium-webdriver ' ) ;

 volt-ampere  driver  =  newfangled  builder ( ). forBrowser ( 'internet internet explorer ' ). build ( ) ;
 

 import  org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver
 import  org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver

 val  driver :  WebDriver  =  InternetExplorerDriver ( )
  

Opera

current releases of Opera are built on top of the Chromium locomotive, and WebDriver is now supported via the closed-source Opera Chromium Driver .

 import  org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver ;
 import  org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver ;

 WebDriver  driver  =  new  OperaDriver ( ) ;
  

 from  selenium.webdriver  import  opera

 driver  =  opera ( )
  

 using  OpenQA.Selenium ;
 using  OpenQA.Selenium.Opera ;

 IWebDriver  driver  =  new  OperaDriver ( ) ;
  

 # not presently implemented
  

 const  { builder }  =  want ( `` selenium-webdriver '' ) ;

 volt-ampere  driver  =  raw  builder ( ). forBrowser ( 'opera ' ). build ( ) ;
  

 import  org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver
 import  org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver

 val  driver :  WebDriver  =  OperaDriver ( )
  

Safari

Unlike Chromium and Firefox drivers, the safaridriver is installed with the operate System. To enable automation on Safari, run the follow command from the terminal :

safaridriver --enable

 import  org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver ;
 spell  org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver ;

 WebDriver  driver  =  newly  SafariDriver ( ) ;
  

 from  selenium.webdriver  import  campaign

 driver  =  campaign ( )
  

 using  OpenQA.Selenium ;
 using  OpenQA.Selenium.Safari ;

 IWebDriver  driver  =  new  SafariDriver ( ) ;
  

 command  `` selenium-webdriver ''

 driver  =  selenium : : WebDriver. for  : campaign
  

 const  { builder }  =  want ( 'selenium-webdriver ' ) ;

 volt-ampere  driver  =  fresh  builder ( ). forBrowser ( 'safari ' ). human body ( ) ;
  

 significance  org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver
 import  org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver

 val  driver :  WebDriver  = 
Read more: Google Docs Comment Exploit Allows for Distribution of Phishing and Malware
  SafariDriver ( )
  

Those looking to automate Safari on io should look to the Appium project .